A DDoS Attack is a Distributed Denial of Service attack in which the attacker floods a target computer or network with traffic from many different sources.As the name suggests, it is an attack that employs multiple sources to prevent users from accessing a site or service. Hackers can get access to these techniques by purchasing DoS services online, where attackers compete with one another for page views and ad revenue.The purpose of this article will explore the history of DDoS attacks and how they have developed over time into a form that some believe could show up in future cyber warfare scenarios. We will look at the attacks more closely and the different forms they can take. We will also discuss common mitigation strategies and countermeasures.Although there is no such thing as a completely secure network, preparedness and proper planning can make it more difficult for attackers to disrupt your business or site. Advanced knowledge of common tactics can also help you prevent more damage from occurring if you do get attacked.DoS attacks were first mentioned in RFC 791 (IP) and RFC 793 (ICMP), which were published in 1981 and 1982 respectively. One of the first, and most famous, DoS attacks was perpetrated by H. D. Moore in 1988 against the hosts of the internet domain name system (DNS). Moore used this attack to highlight vulnerabilities in DNS, hoping to force changes that would increase its security. The attack itself was not particularly sophisticated—it involved sending malformed packets that included spoofed source addresses to several DNS servers around the Internet. This caused the servers to respond with large amounts of data, which overloaded their victim's network connection.Around this same time, computer security experts began exploring techniques for protecting services against DoS attacks. A number of papers were published that described the architectural and design changes that could be made to improve the resilience of systems. Some of these changes were simple, such as increasing the numbers of servers running a service, while others were more complex, such as the use of multiple data centers. In response to Moore's attack, a group in Northern California organized a number of volunteers in an attempt to clean up the Internet by scanning it for vulnerable servers that allowed anyone to connect. The project was named Operation Sundevil. In 1998, attackers from Taiwan launched an attack against Taiwanese virtual host Pacific Century CyberWorks (pccw) using a bot program called TFN2K. This botnet was used to direct several DDoS attacks toward pccw, which at the time had a service called Cybercash on board. The attacks caused many sites on the Internet to crash as a result of the high traffic created by TFN2K.In 2001, two Romanian teenagers used remote commands and Internet Relay chat (IRC) to launch a DDoS attack against some anti-Spam services. This attack was launched from an IRC channel on an Italian social networking site (Planeta.com). The attackers used a Trojan program that connected remotely to the anti-spam server and sent requests all at once. This overloaded the server, causing it to crash and crash numerous other servers connected with it.
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